Salt and pepper shakers

Paired table containers dispense salt and ground pepper through perforations in their tops. Their matching design distinguishes the pair while holes or other markings identify each seasoning.

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Granular flow: The movement of collections of discrete solid particles, such as grains, powders, and pellets. Salt and pepper escape as grains whose flow depends on particle size, friction, and opening geometry.
Sodium chloride: The ionic compound NaCl, commonly encountered as edible salt. It is the usual crystalline seasoning stored in one of the two containers.
Salt cellar: A small table vessel that holds salt for diners to take or pinch by hand. It was a common salt-serving vessel before perforated shakers became widespread.
Table setting: The arrangement of tableware and serving items for a meal. Shaker placement makes salt and pepper available alongside plates and cutlery.
Salt grinder: A device that crushes salt crystals as they are dispensed. It grinds salt on demand instead of releasing pre-sized grains through fixed holes.
Orifice: An opening through which a fluid or granular material can pass. The top holes set the path and rate at which seasoning leaves each container.
Black pepper: A spice made from the dried drupes of Piper nigrum. It is the characteristic ground seasoning stored in the companion container.
Pepper mill: A device that cracks peppercorns between grinding surfaces. It offers freshly ground pepper rather than storing already ground pepper in a shaker.
Seasoning: The addition of ingredients such as salt and pepper to improve or alter food flavor. The containers let diners adjust seasoning after food reaches the table.
Pepper shaker: A perforated container that dispenses ground pepper by shaking or tilting. It is the pepper-holding member of the paired set.