Sam Manekshaw

Sam Manekshaw was an Indian Army officer who led the army during the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War and became India’s first field marshal.

Indo-Pakistani War of 1971: A war between India and Pakistan in 1971 that ended with Bangladesh’s independence. Manekshaw led India’s Army during this campaign, whose timing he helped determine.
Indira Gandhi: India’s prime minister from 1966 to 1977 and again from 1980 to 1984. She and Manekshaw coordinated the political decision and military preparations for war.
Indian Military Academy: India’s officer-training academy at Dehradun, established in 1932. Manekshaw trained there before receiving his commission in the British Indian Army.
Field marshal: A five-star military rank that is higher than general in armies that use it. Manekshaw became the first Indian officer promoted to this rank.
Bangladesh Liberation War: The 1971 struggle for independence that ended Pakistan’s rule over East Pakistan. The war’s political and military course shaped the campaign Manekshaw prepared to fight.
Jagjit Singh Aurora: An Indian Army lieutenant general who commanded the Eastern Command during the 1971 war. Aurora commanded the eastern theatre and accepted the surrender in Dhaka.
British Indian Army: The military force recruited in British India and reorganized after the partition of 1947. His early service began in this army before he joined independent India’s forces.
Bangladesh: A country in South Asia that became independent in 1971 after the Bangladesh Liberation War. The military victory he led helped bring about Bangladesh’s emergence as an independent state.
Battle of Longewala: A 1971 battle in which a small Indian force held a post against a Pakistani attack in the western desert. This celebrated battle was one episode in the wider war he led.
J. F. R. Jacob: An Indian Army lieutenant general who served as chief of staff of Eastern Command in 1971. Jacob helped plan the eastern campaign that translated Manekshaw’s strategy into operations.

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