Sandinista National Liberation Front

The Sandinista National Liberation Front is a Nicaraguan political movement founded in 1961 that overthrew the Somoza dictatorship in 1979 and later governed Nicaragua.

Carlos Fonseca: A Nicaraguan revolutionary who helped found the Sandinista National Liberation Front and shaped its ideology. Fonseca co-founded the movement and connected Sandino’s legacy to a new revolutionary organization.
Guerrilla warfare: Irregular warfare in which smaller forces use mobility, local knowledge, and surprise against stronger opponents. FSLN armed units used guerrilla tactics against the National Guard and Somoza government.
Sandinismo: A Nicaraguan nationalist and revolutionary political tradition inspired by Augusto César Sandino. Sandinismo supplied the movement’s central national symbol and political lineage.
Literacy Crusade: A 1980 nationwide campaign that mobilized volunteers to teach reading and writing across Nicaragua. The campaign became a signature achievement of the FSLN’s first period in government.
Contras: Armed opposition groups that fought Nicaragua’s Sandinista government during the 1980s, with substantial U.S. support. The Contras were the FSLN government’s principal armed opponents during the decade-long war.
Augusto César Sandino: A Nicaraguan guerrilla leader who resisted U.S. military occupation from 1927 to 1933. The FSLN adopted Sandino’s name and cast its struggle as continuing his nationalist resistance.
Nicaraguan National Guard: The military force that served the Somoza regime and was defeated during the 1979 revolution. The FSLN’s armed campaign ultimately confronted and dismantled the dictatorship’s principal coercive force.
Marxism–Leninism: A communist political theory advocating revolutionary leadership by a disciplined party and transition toward socialism. Marxist–Leninist ideas influenced the FSLN’s organization and its early governing program.
Contra War: The 1980s armed conflict between Nicaragua’s Sandinista government and U.S.-backed Contra forces. The war reshaped Sandinista governance, the economy, and relations with the United States.
Violeta Chamorro: A Nicaraguan journalist and politician who defeated Daniel Ortega in the 1990 presidential election. Chamorro’s victory ended Sandinista rule and began a peaceful transfer of power.

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