Sarcasm

Sarcasm is verbal irony used to mock, criticize, or convey contempt. It often communicates a meaning opposite to the words spoken.

Verbal irony: A figure of speech in which intended meaning differs from the literal meaning of the words. Sarcasm is a mocking or critical use of this broader rhetorical device.
Sincere praise: Genuine expression of approval or admiration. Sarcasm can use praise-shaped wording to communicate the opposite evaluation.
Sarcasm detection: The task of identifying sarcastic language in speech or text. Automated systems must infer sarcastic intent from words and context.
Humor: Communication or experience that evokes amusement or laughter. Sarcasm can make criticism entertaining, though its humor may depend on a shared perspective.
H. Paul Grice: A British philosopher of language known for influential work on conversational meaning and implicature. His account of conversational implicature helps explain how speakers convey meanings beyond literal words.
Prosody: The rhythm, stress, and pitch patterns that shape spoken language. Vocal emphasis and intonation can help mark a sarcastic remark.
Satire: A mode of criticism that uses humor, irony, or exaggeration to expose faults. Satire can use sarcasm, but typically targets broader social or political failings.
Text messaging: The exchange of written messages through digital communication services. Without vocal tone, sarcasm in messages can be easy to misread.
Aggression: Behavior intended to harm, intimidate, or dominate another person. Sarcasm can serve as indirect verbal aggression.
Dan Sperber: A French cognitive scientist and philosopher known for work on communication and relevance theory. His echoic account of irony treats ironic speech as an allusion to attributed thoughts or words.

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