Sarmatians

The Sarmatians were Iranian-speaking nomadic peoples of the Eurasian steppe, especially north of the Black Sea, from antiquity into the early Middle Ages.

Scythians: Scythians were Iranian-speaking nomadic peoples who dominated parts of the Eurasian steppe before the Sarmatians rose to prominence. They preceded the Sarmatians across much of the same northern Black Sea steppe.
Pastoral nomadism: Pastoral nomadism is a livelihood based on moving herds between seasonal grazing grounds. Mobile herding sustained Sarmatian communities across the steppe.
Roxolani: The Roxolani were a Sarmatian people active north of the Black Sea and along the Danube. Their conflicts and diplomacy with Rome reveal Sarmatian power on the western frontier.
Roman–Sarmatian wars: The Roman–Sarmatian wars were a series of conflicts between Rome and Sarmatian peoples along the empire’s frontiers. These campaigns document sustained struggles over the Danube borderlands.
Great Migration: The Great Migration was a period of large-scale movement and political change across Europe from late antiquity into the early Middle Ages. Sarmatian and Alan migrations formed part of the population movements reshaping late Roman Europe.
Sauromatians: Sauromatians were an ancient Iranian-speaking people east of the Don River, often treated as predecessors of the Sarmatians. Ancient Greek sources connect this earlier group to Sarmatian origins.
Steppe warfare: Steppe warfare is the military practice of mobile pastoral societies, often emphasizing mounted combat and rapid movement. Mounted mobility let Sarmatian forces raid, retreat, and campaign over wide distances.
Iazyges: The Iazyges were a Sarmatian people who settled between the Danube and Tisza rivers. Their presence in the Carpathian Basin brought Sarmatian communities into direct contact with Rome.
Roman auxiliary regiments: Roman auxiliary regiments were non-legionary units recruited from subjects and allies across the empire. Rome recruited Sarmatian cavalrymen into auxiliary service, including in distant provinces.
Sarmatian hypothesis: The Sarmatian hypothesis proposes that elements of Arthurian legend derive from Sarmatian traditions transmitted through Roman Britain. It connects Roman deployments of Sarmatian cavalry with later claims about Arthurian origins.

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