Sayyid Qutb

Sayyid Qutb (1906–1966) was an Egyptian writer and Islamist theorist whose writings, especially Milestones, shaped debates about Islam, society, and political authority.

Jahiliyyah: In Islamic usage, a state of ignorance or heedlessness, especially the condition of Arabia before Islam. Qutb extended this term to criticize societies he believed rejected divine authority.
Egyptian Revolution of 1952: The military coup that ended Egypt's monarchy and brought the Free Officers to power. The revolution's aftermath shaped Qutb's conflict with the new Egyptian state.
Milestones: A 1964 book by Qutb outlining his critique of modern society and a strategy for Islamic revival. It presents his most influential account of vanguard leadership and social transformation.
Muslim Brotherhood: An Islamist movement founded in Egypt by Hasan al-Banna in 1928. Qutb joined the Brotherhood, and his ideas influenced some of its members and later debates.
Islamic modernism: A movement that reconciles Islamic thought with selected institutions and ideas of modernity. Qutb rejected approaches that accommodated secular modern institutions rather than replacing them.
Hakimiyyah: The principle that sovereignty and ultimate authority belong to God. Qutb used divine sovereignty to challenge human claims to make binding law.
Free Officers Movement: A group of Egyptian military officers who overthrew King Farouk in 1952. Qutb initially engaged with the movement before becoming a fierce critic of its government.
In the Shade of the Quran: A multivolume commentary on the Quran written by Qutb, first published between 1952 and 1965. Its interpretive method shows how Qutb connected Quranic passages to contemporary political life.
Qutbism: A label for Islamist interpretations influenced by Qutb's writings, especially his critiques of modern society and political authority. The label captures later readings of Qutb that developed beyond his own books.
Secularism: A principle or political arrangement that separates religious authority from state governance. Qutb opposed secular sovereignty because he held that ultimate authority belongs to God.

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