School refusal

School refusal is a child’s persistent difficulty attending school, usually associated with emotional distress rather than deliberate rule-breaking or concealment from caregivers.

Separation anxiety disorder: An anxiety disorder marked by excessive fear or distress about separation from attachment figures. Fear of separation can make leaving home for school acutely distressing.
School attendance: The regular presence of a student at school or participation in required instruction. School refusal concerns difficulty sustaining this ordinary participation.
Functional behavioral assessment: A process for identifying the conditions that trigger and maintain a behavior. It helps identify the situations and consequences shaping a student’s absences.
Chronic absenteeism: A pattern of missing a substantial share of school days, commonly defined as at least ten percent of enrollment days. Persistent refusal can develop into this broader attendance pattern.
Social anxiety disorder: An anxiety disorder involving persistent fear of social situations in which a person may face scrutiny or judgment. Fear of peers’ or teachers’ judgment can make the school setting feel threatening.
School absenteeism: A broad term for missing school, whether absences are excused or unexcused and for any reason. It includes school refusal but also absences with different causes.
School-based mental health: Mental health services delivered in or coordinated through educational settings. School-linked support can address distress while coordinating attendance plans.
Academic achievement: A student’s demonstrated learning and attainment in educational settings. Missed instruction can disrupt learning and make returning to coursework harder.
Avoidance coping: A coping pattern in which a person evades situations, thoughts, or feelings associated with distress. Staying home can reduce distress immediately, reinforcing future avoidance.
Truancy: Unexcused school absence, often involving deliberate absence without caregiver knowledge or approval. Unlike the usual pattern in school refusal, truancy is commonly concealed from caregivers.

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