Scientific publishing

Scientific publishing is the process of evaluating, editing, and disseminating scholarly research through journals, books, preprints, and other publications. It creates public records of research and channels work to specialist and wider audiences.

Scholarly peer review: Evaluation of scholarly work by experts in the relevant field before or after publication. Reviewers assess submitted research and advise editors on its validity, significance, and clarity.
Open access: A publishing model that makes scholarly work available online without subscription barriers. It contrasts with subscription access by removing reader-side payment barriers.
Article processing charge: A fee some publishers charge authors or funders to make an article openly accessible. This fee is a common way open-access journals cover publication costs.
Publication bias: The selective publication of research according to the direction, strength, or statistical significance of its results. Selective publication can make the published literature misrepresent the full body of research.
Journal editor: An academic journal professional who selects submissions, coordinates review, and makes publication decisions. Editors decide which submissions receive review and whether revised work is accepted.
Subscription journal: A scholarly journal whose content is primarily available to subscribers or institutions that pay for access. Subscription journals fund publication through access fees rather than universal free reading.
Institutional repository: A digital archive that collects and preserves the scholarly outputs of an institution. Repositories provide an alternative route for sharing and preserving research articles.
Citation: A reference that identifies and credits a source used in scholarly work. Publication creates citable records that help allocate credit and trace claims.
Manuscript submission: The formal delivery of a scholarly manuscript to a publisher or journal for consideration. Submission begins the journal's editorial and review workflow.
Preprint: A scholarly manuscript shared publicly before formal peer review and journal publication. Preprints can circulate findings before the journal's review and publication process is complete.

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