Scoliosis

Scoliosis is a three-dimensional spinal deformity involving sideways curvature and vertebral rotation. It often develops during growth, but can also result from congenital or neuromuscular causes.

Cobb angle: A radiographic measurement of spinal curvature formed by the angles of the most tilted vertebrae. It quantifies the sideways curve used to diagnose and track scoliosis.
Scoliosis screening: Examination of people without symptoms to identify signs of spinal curvature. Screening may detect scoliosis before a curve becomes readily apparent.
Congenital scoliosis: Scoliosis caused by vertebral formation or segmentation abnormalities present at birth. Abnormal vertebral development can create a curve distinct from idiopathic scoliosis.
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and quality of life: The effects of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and its treatment on physical, emotional, and social well-being. Appearance concerns, treatment burden, and function shape lived experience.
Vertebral rotation: Rotation of a vertebra around the spine’s longitudinal axis. Rotation contributes to the three-dimensional deformity and trunk asymmetry.
Adam's forward bend test: A physical examination in which a person bends forward while the back is inspected for asymmetry. A rib prominence can reveal trunk rotation associated with scoliosis.
Neuromuscular scoliosis: Spinal curvature associated with disorders affecting muscle control or nervous-system function. It develops in the context of conditions that impair trunk support and balance.
Scoliosis and pulmonary function: The relationship between spinal deformity and lung capacity or respiratory mechanics. Large thoracic curves can restrict chest development and breathing.
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A spinal deformity of unknown cause that appears in children aged ten years or older. It is the most common growth-associated form of scoliosis.
Scoliosis radiography: Spinal X-ray imaging used to assess curve size, location, and vertebral anatomy. Standing radiographs establish curvature and support follow-up measurements.

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