Scott Kelly

Scott Kelly is an American astronaut and retired U.S. Navy captain who commanded the International Space Station and spent 340 consecutive days in space.

One Year Mission: A NASA mission in which Scott Kelly and cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko spent nearly a year aboard the International Space Station. Kelly’s 340-day stay was the American astronaut’s contribution to this long-duration study.
Microgravity: A condition in which objects and people appear weightless because they are in continuous free fall. Microgravity shaped the physical environment of Kelly’s orbital missions.
Mark Kelly: An American astronaut, naval aviator, and politician who is Scott Kelly’s identical twin brother. Mark served as the Earth-based comparison in the NASA Twins Study.
United States Naval Academy: A federal service academy in Annapolis, Maryland, that educates officers for the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. Kelly graduated from the academy before beginning his Navy career.
Endurance: A Year in Space, A Lifetime of Discovery: Scott Kelly’s 2017 memoir about his life, military career, and year aboard the International Space Station. Kelly recounts the personal experience behind his longest mission.
NASA Twins Study: A study comparing Scott Kelly during spaceflight with his identical twin, astronaut Mark Kelly, on Earth. The study used the Kelly twins to examine biological changes associated with a year in space.
Spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome: A set of eye and brain changes observed in some astronauts after long-duration spaceflight. It is one health risk researchers monitor during missions like Kelly’s year in orbit.
Mikhail Kornienko: A Russian cosmonaut who spent nearly a year aboard the International Space Station with Scott Kelly. Kornienko shared the One Year Mission with Kelly.
Naval aviator: A commissioned U.S. Navy or Marine Corps officer trained to pilot aircraft. Kelly’s naval aviation career preceded his selection as an astronaut.
AstroGrover: A plush Grover toy that flew with Scott Kelly aboard the International Space Station during his yearlong mission. The toy became a public-facing symbol of Kelly’s mission and its educational outreach.

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Valeri PolyakovCompared with: Kelly’s later mission tested a long stay in orbit but lasted fewer days than Polyakov’s.