Sculpture

Sculpture is visual art that creates three-dimensional forms by shaping, carving, modeling, casting, or assembling materials. It can occupy space, invite movement around it, and use materials ranging from stone to light.

Carving: A subtractive process that shapes material by cutting or chipping away portions. Stone and wood sculptures often emerge by removing material from a solid block.
Subtractive sculpture: Sculpture made by removing material from a solid mass. Carving is a subtractive method, so the material's original mass limits the emerging form.
Venus of Willendorf: A small Upper Paleolithic figurine carved from limestone, discovered in Austria. This prehistoric figure is among the best-known surviving early sculptures.
Public art: Art created for or displayed in publicly accessible spaces. Public sculpture changes shared spaces and encounters with civic life.
Painting: Visual art made by applying pigment to a surface to create images or compositions. Painting typically presents depth on a flat support, unlike sculpture's occupied volume.
Modeling: A process of forming pliable material by adding, pressing, or reshaping it. Clay modeling lets sculptors build forms through direct handwork.
Additive sculpture: Sculpture made by joining or accumulating material to build a form. Modeling and assemblage build forms by adding material rather than cutting it away.
Cycladic figurines: Marble figures made in the Cyclades during the Bronze Age, often with simplified human forms. Their abstracted bodies show an early tradition of carving in stone.
Monument: A structure or work of art that commemorates a person, event, or idea. Sculpture has long given physical form to collective memory and honor.
Performance art: Art in which actions performed by artists or participants constitute the work. Performance centers on actions and duration rather than a lasting sculptural object.

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