Seasonality

Seasonality is a recurring pattern of change in activity, demand, or natural conditions across seasons or periods of the year.

Seasonal cycle: A recurring pattern of change tied to the seasons or another annual period. Seasonality is the observed pattern created by recurring cycles.
Seasonal decomposition of time series: A method that separates a time series into trend, seasonal, and irregular components. It estimates the recurring component that defines seasonality.
Trend (time series): The long-term direction of change in a time series. A trend persists over time, unlike seasonality's repeating pattern.
Monsoon: A seasonal reversal of winds that produces a pronounced wet and dry season in some regions. Monsoons create strong, recurring seasonal shifts in rainfall.
Earth's axial tilt: The angle between Earth's rotational axis and the perpendicular to its orbital plane. It drives seasonal differences in sunlight and temperature.
Seasonal forecasting: Forecasting that accounts for recurring patterns associated with seasons or calendar periods. It uses seasonal patterns to predict future demand or conditions.
Cyclic variation: Fluctuation around a trend in periods that are not fixed or strictly annual. Cyclic variation can resemble seasonality but lacks a regular calendar period.
Influenza season: The period of the year when influenza infections rise substantially in a region. Its recurring peaks are a public-health example of seasonality.
Photoperiodism: The physiological response of organisms to the length of day and night. Changing day length synchronizes seasonal growth, reproduction, and behavior.
Retail seasonality: Recurring changes in retail sales associated with seasons, holidays, and shopping calendars. Holiday and weather-related demand are familiar commercial forms of seasonality.

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