Second Battle of Fallujah

A U.S.-led coalition offensive against insurgent forces in Fallujah, Iraq, fought from November 7 to December 23, 2004. It became one of the Iraq War’s largest urban battles.

Urban warfare: Armed combat conducted in towns or cities, where buildings and civilian infrastructure shape movement and tactics. Dense neighborhoods turned streets, houses, and alleys into contested terrain.
First Battle of Fallujah: A U.S. offensive against insurgents in Fallujah in April 2004 that ended with coalition forces withdrawing from the city. Its inconclusive ending left Fallujah outside direct coalition control.
James Mattis: A U.S. Marine Corps general who commanded the 1st Marine Division during the 2004 Fallujah offensive. He led the division responsible for the principal Marine assault.
Battle damage: Physical destruction and impairment caused to buildings, infrastructure, equipment, or other targets by military action. Fighting left large parts of Fallujah damaged or destroyed.
Operation Phantom Fury: The U.S. Marine Corps name for the November 2004 assault on Fallujah. This assault formed the battle’s main coalition offensive.
Fallujah: A city in Iraq’s Al Anbar Governorate, west of Baghdad, on the Euphrates River. The city’s location and built-up neighborhoods defined the battle’s setting.
John F. Sattler: A U.S. Marine Corps lieutenant general who commanded I Marine Expeditionary Force during the Fallujah offensive. He held senior Marine command responsibility for the operation.
Displacement of Iraqis: The forced or pressured movement of civilians from their homes within or beyond Iraq. Many residents fled Fallujah before and during the assault.
House-to-house fighting: Close combat in which forces clear or defend buildings one structure at a time. Coalition forces advanced through defended homes while searching for insurgents and weapons.
Iraq War: A conflict beginning with the 2003 U.S.-led invasion of Iraq and continuing through years of insurgency and occupation. The battle was a major campaign within the wider war.

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