Second Battle of Ypres

A battle fought in Belgium from April 22 to May 25, 1915, during which German forces first used poison gas on a large scale on the Western Front.

Second Battle of Ypres gas attack: The German release of chlorine gas against Allied troops near Ypres on April 22, 1915. This opening attack created a gap in the Allied line and defined the battle’s first phase.
Battle of Gravenstafel Ridge: An engagement on April 22–23, 1915, during the opening German gas attack at Ypres. The attack on this sector opened the battle and broke the French colonial troops’ line.
John French: A British field marshal who commanded the British Expeditionary Force during the early years of the First World War. He directed British forces defending the Ypres Salient during the battle.
Fritz Haber: A German chemist who organized the development and deployment of chlorine gas as a weapon in the First World War. Haber helped prepare the gas operation that began at Ypres.
Chlorine: A reactive chemical element whose toxic gas damages the respiratory system. German forces used chlorine in the first large-scale gas attack on the Western Front.
Battle of St. Julien: A battle fought near St. Julien during the Second Battle of Ypres in April and May 1915. Canadian troops fought to contain the breach around this village after the gas assault.
Herbert Plumer: A British general who commanded the British V Corps at Ypres in 1915. His corps faced the German attacks on the salient’s northern and eastern sectors.
Chemical warfare in World War I: The use of toxic chemicals as weapons by belligerents during the First World War. Ypres marked the start of large-scale poison-gas warfare on the Western Front.
Gas mask: A protective device that filters or isolates the wearer from harmful airborne substances. Early respirators and improvised face coverings helped Allied troops counter subsequent gas attacks.
Battle of Frezenberg: A German assault on Allied positions near Frezenberg on May 8–13, 1915. The fighting formed a major later phase as German forces pressed the salient’s eastern defenses.

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