Second Buddhist council

The Second Buddhist council was a traditional gathering of Buddhist monastics at Vaishali, about a century after the Buddha’s death, to address disputed monastic practices and discipline.

Vaishali: An ancient city in present-day Bihar, India, associated with early Buddhist history. Traditional accounts place the council there, where local monks’ practices prompted the dispute.
Ubbahika: A Vinaya procedure in which selected monks investigate and decide a matter on behalf of a community. Traditional narratives describe a committee using this procedure to examine the disputed practices.
Theravada: A Buddhist tradition whose surviving canon is preserved primarily in Pali. Theravada chronicles preserve a prominent account of the council and its disciplinary ruling.
Third Buddhist council: A traditional Buddhist council held at Pataliputra under Emperor Ashoka. Later council narratives extend the story of communal disputes and efforts to define orthodoxy.
Ten points: A traditional list of ten disputed monastic practices associated with the Second Buddhist council. These practices, including accepting gold and silver, formed the dispute’s central agenda.
Sangha: The Buddhist community, especially the order of ordained monks and nuns. The council’s authority rested on deliberation within the monastic community.
Mulasarvastivada: An early Buddhist monastic tradition known chiefly through its Vinaya and related texts. Its textual tradition preserves versions of early council history that differ from Theravada accounts.
Early Buddhist schools: The diverse monastic lineages that emerged in ancient Buddhism before the Mahayana movements. The council became part of competing accounts of how these lineages first separated.
Vinaya: The Buddhist monastic code governing conduct, communal procedures, and discipline. The council’s reported disagreements concerned how monks should interpret and follow this code.
Patimokkha: A collection of monastic rules recited regularly by Buddhist monks or nuns. The disputed conduct was judged against rules and communal standards of monastic life.

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