Second Czechoslovak Republic

The truncated Czechoslovak state that existed from October 1938 until Germany occupied and dissolved it in March 1939. It emerged from the Munich Agreement and lost much of its territory and political stability.

Munich Agreement: A 1938 agreement that transferred the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia to Germany without Czechoslovak participation. It forced the territorial reduction that began the republic’s short existence.
Second Czechoslovak Republic Constitution: The constitutional framework governing Czechoslovakia after the Munich Agreement, including its shift toward an autonomous federation. It formalized the republic’s reorganization after the loss of the Sudetenland.
Emil Hácha: A Czech jurist who became president of Czechoslovakia in November 1938 and remained president under German occupation. His presidency spanned the republic’s final months and the coercion preceding occupation.
German occupation of Czechoslovakia: Germany’s military seizure and administration of Czech lands beginning in March 1939. The occupation ended the republic and replaced it with German rule in its Czech lands.
Sudetenland: A border region of Czechoslovakia with a large German-speaking population, annexed by Germany in 1938. Its loss under the Munich Agreement precipitated the state’s transformation.
Czechoslovakization: A state policy promoting Czechoslovak national identity and the use of Czech or Slovak in public life. Its repudiation accompanied the republic’s turn away from the earlier unitary national project.
Rudolf Beran: A Czech agrarian politician who served as prime minister of Czechoslovakia from 1938 to 1939. He led the government as the republic adopted authoritarian policies and lost territory.
Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia: A German-controlled protectorate established over Bohemia and Moravia in March 1939. It became the successor regime in the republic’s Czech core.
First Czechoslovak Republic: The democratic Czechoslovak state established in 1918 and ended by the Munich crisis in 1938. The Second Republic followed its collapse and inherited its remaining institutions.
Autonomous Slovakia: The self-governing Slovak political entity established within Czechoslovakia in October 1938. Its expanded autonomy weakened central authority during the republic’s final months.

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