Second EDSA Revolution

A four-day popular uprising in Manila in January 2001 that forced President Joseph Estrada from office and led Vice President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo to assume the presidency.

Impeachment of Joseph Estrada: A Senate trial in 2000–2001 on charges including bribery, corruption, and betrayal of public trust. The trial’s breakdown helped trigger the demonstrations that became the uprising.
Joseph Estrada: A Filipino actor and politician who served as president of the Philippines from 1998 until 2001. His presidency and removal were the immediate focus of the uprising.
Jaime Sin: A Filipino cardinal who served as archbishop of Manila from 1974 to 2003. He urged people to gather in support of the protests against Estrada.
2001 Philippine presidential succession: The transfer of the Philippine presidency from Joseph Estrada to Vice President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo in January 2001. Arroyo’s assumption of office was the uprising’s immediate political result.
EDSA Shrine: A Catholic shrine beside Epifanio de los Santos Avenue in Quezon City, Philippines. Demonstrators gathered at the shrine, making it the uprising’s central assembly site.
Juetengate scandal: A political scandal involving allegations that President Joseph Estrada received payoffs from illegal gambling operations. The allegations helped prompt Estrada’s impeachment and eroded his political support.
Corazon Aquino: A Filipino politician who served as president from 1986 to 1992 after the People Power Revolution. Her public support connected the 2001 mobilization to the 1986 uprising.
Estrada v. Desierto: A 2001 Philippine Supreme Court case addressing Joseph Estrada’s claim that he remained president after leaving Malacañang Palace. The Court’s ruling upheld Arroyo’s succession and rejected Estrada’s claim to office.
Armed Forces of the Philippines: The military organization responsible for defending the Philippines and supporting its constitutional government. Its leadership withdrew support from Estrada and backed Arroyo during the crisis.
Philippine Senate: The upper chamber of the Congress of the Philippines. Senators’ decision to reject disputed evidence during Estrada’s trial precipitated protests.

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