Second Italo-Ethiopian War

A war from 1935 to 1937 in which Fascist Italy invaded and conquered Ethiopia. Italian occupation continued until 1941, while Ethiopian resistance persisted.

Walwal incident: A 1934 clash between Italian and Ethiopian forces near the border of Italian Somaliland and Ethiopia. The confrontation Italy used to intensify its pressure on Ethiopia before invading.
Haile Selassie: Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974, who led his country during the Italian invasion and occupation. He organized Ethiopia’s defense and appealed internationally after Italy invaded.
League of Nations sanctions against Italy: Economic sanctions imposed by the League of Nations on Italy after its invasion of Ethiopia. Their limited scope and enforcement revealed the weakness of collective resistance to aggression.
First Italo-Ethiopian War: The 1885–1896 conflict in which Ethiopia defeated Italy and preserved its independence. The earlier war ended in Ethiopian victory; this invasion produced occupation instead.
Italian invasion of Ethiopia: Italy’s 1935 military campaign to conquer Ethiopia, launched from Eritrea and Italian Somaliland. The invasion opened the war and brought Italian forces toward the Ethiopian capital.
Benito Mussolini: Italy’s Fascist dictator from 1922 to 1943, who ordered the conquest of Ethiopia. His imperial ambitions drove the decision to invade and annex Ethiopia.
Italian East Africa: An Italian colonial possession formed in 1936 by combining Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Italian Somaliland. Italy formally absorbed Ethiopia into this colonial entity after the conquest.
Italian conquest of Libya: Italy’s prolonged conquest of Libya, begun after its 1911 invasion of the Ottoman province. It offers a comparison with Italy’s earlier colonial warfare and repression.
Battle of Adwa: An 1896 battle in which Ethiopian forces defeated an Italian invasion at Adwa. Its memory shaped Ethiopian resistance to Italy’s renewed attempt at conquest.
Pietro Badoglio: An Italian general who commanded the invasion of Ethiopia and became its viceroy after the conquest. He directed the campaign that captured Addis Ababa in 1936.

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