Second Mithridatic War

A conflict between the Roman Republic and Pontus, fought after Mithridates VI reoccupied Cappadocia and ended with a Roman-Pontic peace.

Mithridates VI Eupator: King of Pontus from about 120 to 63 BCE, whose wars against Rome reshaped power in Anatolia. His return to Cappadocia triggered the conflict.
Lucius Licinius Murena: Roman commander in Asia after Sulla’s departure, who led the campaign against Mithridates VI. His raids into Pontic territory turned the dispute into open war.
Battle of the Halys: A battle near the Halys River in which Roman forces under Murena were defeated by Mithridates VI. The defeat forced Murena to retreat from Pontic territory.
Treaty of Dardanus: The agreement between Sulla and Mithridates VI in 85 BCE that ended the First Mithridatic War. Its disputed interpretation helped make the later conflict possible.
Cappadocia: An ancient kingdom and region of central Anatolia, contested by neighboring powers. Its succession dispute drew Mithridates and Rome back into conflict.
Roman Republic: The political state centered on Rome that governed much of the Mediterranean before the emperors. Its provincial commanders and Senate shaped the war’s conduct and settlement.
Halys River: A major river of ancient Anatolia, now called the Kızılırmak, flowing into the Black Sea. Its crossing marked the theater of Murena’s campaign into Pontus.
Third Mithridatic War: The final Roman war against Mithridates VI, fought from 73 to 63 BCE and ending with Rome’s conquest of Pontus. The brief peace after this war failed to prevent the decisive third conflict.
First Mithridatic War: Rome’s first major war against Mithridates VI, fought from 89 to 85 BCE across Asia Minor and Greece. Its settlement left disputes that the second war reopened.
Pontus: An ancient kingdom on the southern coast of the Black Sea, ruled by the Mithridatic dynasty. Its forces and territory formed the other side of the conflict.

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