Second Nagorno-Karabakh War

The 44-day armed conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh, fought in 2020 and ending with an Azerbaijani victory and a Russian-brokered ceasefire.

2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement: A Russian-brokered agreement that ended the 2020 fighting and established a ceasefire and Russian peacekeeping deployment. Its terms stopped the 44-day war and transferred control of several districts to Azerbaijan.
Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: A protracted conflict between Armenians and Azerbaijanis over Nagorno-Karabakh and surrounding territories. The 2020 war was a major escalation in this decades-long dispute.
Russian peacekeeping forces in Nagorno-Karabakh: Russian troops deployed under the 2020 ceasefire agreement to monitor the line of contact and Lachin corridor. Their deployment made Russia a direct guarantor of the postwar arrangement.
2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict ceasefire violations: Reports of breaches of the November 2020 ceasefire between Azerbaijan and Armenia. Violations showed that the agreement halted major combat without producing a durable peace.
Bayraktar TB2: A Turkish-made medium-altitude, long-endurance armed unmanned aerial vehicle. Azerbaijan used TB2 drones for strikes and battlefield surveillance during the war.
First Nagorno-Karabakh War: The 1988–1994 war between Armenian and Azerbaijani forces over Nagorno-Karabakh and adjacent areas. Its ceasefire left the territorial dispute unresolved and set the conditions for renewed fighting.
Lachin corridor: A route connecting Armenia with Nagorno-Karabakh, governed by special access arrangements after the 2020 ceasefire. The ceasefire placed the corridor under Russian peacekeeper monitoring.
2022 Armenia–Azerbaijan border clashes: A series of deadly clashes between Armenian and Azerbaijani forces along their internationally recognized border in September 2022. The clashes demonstrate how armed confrontation continued beyond the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh front.
Loitering munition: An expendable guided weapon that can search an area before attacking a target. Loitering munitions helped Azerbaijan target Armenian air defenses and other military assets.
Nagorno-Karabakh: A mountainous region in the South Caucasus, internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan and historically home to a large Armenian population. Its status and control were the central issues contested in the war.

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