Second Partition of Poland

The 1793 division of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth’s territory between the Russian Empire and Prussia, imposed after a Russian invasion and ratified by the Grodno Sejm.

Constitution of 3 May 1791: A Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth constitution adopted on 3 May 1791 that strengthened central government and ended the liberum veto. Its reforms prompted opponents to seek Russian intervention against the Commonwealth.
Grodno Sejm: The Commonwealth’s last Sejm, held in Grodno in 1793 under Russian military pressure. It was compelled to ratify the territorial cessions demanded by Russia and Prussia.
Kościuszko Uprising: A 1794 insurrection led by Tadeusz Kościuszko against Russian and Prussian control of the Commonwealth. It sought to reverse foreign domination after the 1793 partition.
First Partition of Poland: The 1772 division of Commonwealth territory among Russia, Prussia, and Austria. Unlike the 1793 partition, it involved Austria as well as Russia and Prussia.
Targowica Confederation: A confederation of Polish nobles formed in 1792 to oppose the Constitution of 3 May and enlist Russian support. Its appeal for Russian intervention helped trigger the war preceding the partition.
Russian occupation of Poland: The stationing and control of Russian forces in Polish lands during periods of Russian intervention and rule. Russian troops surrounded the Grodno Sejm and constrained its deliberations.
Third Partition of Poland: The 1795 division of the remaining Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth among Russia, Prussia, and Austria. It followed the uprising and ended the Commonwealth after the 1793 losses.
Polish–Russian War of 1792: A war in which Russian forces invaded the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth after its 1791 constitutional reforms. Military defeat preceded the partition, but did not itself transfer territory.
Catherine the Great: Empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796, whose reign expanded Russian power in eastern Europe. She directed Russian policy that imposed the partition and controlled the Commonwealth.
Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1793): An agreement between Russia and Prussia in 1793 that established their territorial gains from the Commonwealth. It formalized the division before the Grodno Sejm ratified the cessions.

Linked from 9 pages