Second Saudi State

The Second Saudi State was an emirate centered on Riyadh that lasted from 1824 until 1891. Ruled by the House of Saud, it was weakened by succession struggles and conflict with the Rashidi dynasty.

First Saudi State: An Arabian state ruled by the House of Saud from Diriyah, lasting from the mid-eighteenth century until 1818. Its destruction by Egyptian forces created the power vacuum that the Second Saudi State later filled.
Faisal bin Turki: A Saudi ruler who governed the Second Saudi State during two reigns, from 1834 to 1838 and 1843 to 1865. His long second reign restored much of the emirate after Egyptian intervention.
Abdul Rahman bin Faisal: The last ruler of the Second Saudi State, who fled Riyadh after its defeat in 1891. His exile preserved the Saudi dynastic claim after the state collapsed.
Najd: A large inland region of the Arabian Peninsula, including Riyadh and Ha'il. The state’s fortunes depended on control and alliances across this central Arabian region.
Diriyah: A historic oasis town near Riyadh that served as the capital of the First Saudi State. Its fall in 1818 ended the first emirate and displaced the Saudi ruling family.
Abdullah bin Faisal: A Saudi ruler whose contested succession and rivalry with his brother Saud weakened the emirate. His struggle for the throne deepened the divisions that left the state vulnerable.
Kuwait: A country on the Persian Gulf whose ruling Al Sabah family hosted the exiled House of Saud. The Saudi family found refuge there after losing Riyadh.
Ottoman Empire: An empire that ruled much of the Middle East and southeastern Europe from the fourteenth century until 1922. Ottoman influence shaped Egyptian campaigns and later political pressure in Arabia.
Ottoman–Saudi War: A conflict from 1811 to 1818 in which Ottoman Egypt’s forces defeated the First Saudi State. The campaign dismantled the earlier state before Saudi rule was restored at Riyadh.
Saud bin Faisal: A Saudi ruler who contested power with his brother Abdullah during the 1870s. His rivalry with Abdullah intensified the succession conflict.

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