Secure Digital

Secure Digital (SD) is a family of removable flash-memory card formats, including SD, miniSD, and microSD, used to store digital data.

Flash memory: Nonvolatile semiconductor memory that stores data by trapping electrical charge in memory cells. SD cards retain files without power because their storage cells use flash memory.
SD card form factor: The physical dimensions and connector layout that define a memory card's shape. SD, miniSD, and microSD chiefly differ in physical size and connector design.
Digital camera: A camera that captures images electronically and stores them as digital files. SD cards commonly hold photographs and video recorded by digital cameras.
CompactFlash: A removable flash-memory card format introduced by SanDisk in 1994, commonly used in earlier digital cameras. It competed with SD in cameras but used a larger card and different interface.
SD card controller: A device that manages data transfer, error correction, and flash-memory operations within an SD card. The controller translates host requests into operations on the card's flash memory.
SDHC: The SD High Capacity format, supporting capacities above 2 GB through 32 GB. It introduced a capacity tier beyond the original SD specification.
Smartphone: A mobile computing device that combines cellular communication with software applications and a touchscreen. Many smartphones use microSD cards to expand local storage.
Memory Stick: A family of removable memory-card formats developed by Sony and introduced in 1998. Sony's proprietary format competed with SD in cameras and other electronics.
SD bus: The electrical interface and communication protocols used between an SD card and its host. Its bus modes set how a host and card exchange commands and data.
SDXC: The SD Extended Capacity format, supporting capacities above 32 GB through 2 TB. Its capacity range distinguishes it from standard SD and SDHC cards.

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