Seismogram

A seismogram is a time record of ground motion, produced by a seismograph. Its waveform captures seismic waves and other vibrations detected at a location.

Seismograph: An instrument that detects and records ground motion. It converts motion detected at a station into the recorded trace.
Ground motion: The movement of Earth's surface or subsurface over time. A seismogram is a recorded representation of this motion at one station.
Earthquake location: The estimation of an earthquake's position and depth from seismic observations. Arrival times measured on multiple seismograms constrain an earthquake's location.
Seismometer: A sensor that measures ground motion, usually as part of a seismic recording system. It detects motion; the seismogram is the resulting record.
Seismic wave: A wave of energy that travels through or along Earth, often generated by an earthquake. Its arrival and passage create the characteristic waves in a seismogram.
Seismic station: A site equipped to measure and record seismic signals. Station location and conditions shape the motion represented by its trace.
Travel-time curve: A graph or model relating seismic-wave travel time to distance from an earthquake. Analysts compare trace arrival times with predicted travel times.
Accelerogram: A record of ground acceleration over time, typically produced by an accelerograph. It records acceleration, unlike a seismogram that may represent displacement, velocity, or acceleration.
P wave: A compressional seismic body wave that travels through solids and fluids. It is commonly the first earthquake wave visible on a seismogram.
Seismic component: A measured direction of ground motion, such as vertical or horizontal. Separate components can produce distinct traces from the same event.

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