Selective exposure

Selective exposure is the tendency to seek information that supports existing beliefs and avoid information that challenges them.

Confirmation bias: The tendency to seek, interpret, and remember evidence in ways that support existing beliefs. Selective exposure is one way confirmation bias can shape the evidence a person encounters.
Leon Festinger: A social psychologist known for developing cognitive dissonance theory. His theory helped explain why people might avoid information that threatens their beliefs.
Selective exposure in communication: The choice of messages and media content according to a person's existing attitudes or interests. This is the communication-research setting in which selective exposure is most often measured.
Selective perception: The tendency to notice or interpret information in ways shaped by expectations and prior attitudes. Selective exposure concerns which information is chosen; selective perception concerns how encountered information is processed.
Political polarization: The growing separation of political attitudes, identities, or groups into opposing camps. Repeatedly choosing congenial political information can strengthen divisions between groups.
Motivated reasoning: Reasoning influenced by goals, desires, or preferred conclusions rather than evidence alone. Desired conclusions can guide choices about which information to approach or avoid.
Jack W. Brehm: A social psychologist who studied post-decision information seeking and cognitive dissonance. His experiments examined selective exposure after people made choices.
Echo chamber: An information environment in which repeated exposure to similar views limits contact with opposing perspectives. Individual choices can help create environments that repeatedly confirm shared beliefs.
Selective retention: The tendency to remember information that aligns with existing beliefs or interests better than conflicting information. Retention concerns what remains in memory, not which information a person initially chooses.
False consensus effect: The tendency to overestimate how widely other people share one's opinions and behaviors. A narrow, like-minded information diet can make personal views seem more widely shared.

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