Semnopithecus

Semnopithecus is a genus of Old World monkeys native to South Asia, commonly called gray langurs or Hanuman langurs. Its species occupy varied habitats and are often closely associated with human settlements.

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Colobinae: Colobinae is a subfamily of Old World monkeys that includes langurs, lutungs, and snub-nosed monkeys. Semnopithecus belongs to this leaf-eating monkey subfamily.
Primate cognition: Primate cognition is the study of mental abilities such as memory, learning, communication, and problem-solving in primates. Observations of langur learning and social behavior contribute to comparative cognition.
Northern plains gray langur: The northern plains gray langur is a Semnopithecus species distributed across parts of northern South Asia. It is a widespread representative of the genus in northern lowlands.
Hanuman langur: Hanuman langur is a common name for gray langurs in the genus Semnopithecus. The name is often used for the genus as a whole, though usage varies.
Species complex: A species complex is a group of closely related populations whose boundaries between species are difficult to determine. Gray langur classification has changed as researchers reassess species boundaries.
Old World monkey: Old World monkeys are primates native to Africa and Asia, including cercopithecines and colobines. Semnopithecus is part of the broader catarrhine monkey radiation.
Human–wildlife conflict: Human–wildlife conflict describes harmful interactions between people and wild animals over resources, safety, or livelihoods. Langurs may raid crops or enter buildings, creating conflicts around settlements.
Nilgiri langur: The Nilgiri langur is a dark-furred colobine monkey endemic to the Western Ghats of southern India. Its restricted range and dark coat contrast with widespread gray langurs.
Trachypithecus: Trachypithecus is a genus of Asian colobine monkeys commonly known as lutungs or leaf monkeys. It is a closely related Asian langur genus, distinguished by taxonomy and range.
Primate conservation: Primate conservation is the protection and management of primate populations, habitats, and ecological relationships. Habitat loss and conflict make conservation relevant across the genus.