Sequence (biology)

A biological sequence is the ordered arrangement of nucleotides in DNA or RNA, or amino acids in a protein. Its order encodes molecular information and shapes biological function.

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Nucleotide: A molecule made of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and one or more phosphate groups. Nucleotides are the units whose order forms DNA and RNA sequences.
DNA replication: The cellular process that copies DNA before cell division. Replication preserves nucleotide sequences as genetic material is copied.
DNA sequencing: The determination of the nucleotide order in a DNA molecule. It measures DNA sequence directly for research and diagnosis.
Consensus sequence: A representative sequence assembled from aligned sequences by choosing the most common residue at each position. It summarizes a sequence family rather than describing one molecule.
Amino acid: An organic molecule that serves as a building block of proteins. Amino acids are the units whose order forms protein sequences.
Transcription (biology): The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template. Transcription transfers information from DNA sequence into RNA sequence.
RNA sequencing: A method for measuring and analyzing RNA molecules in a sample. It reveals expressed RNA sequences and their abundance.
Motif (molecular biology): A short, recurring sequence pattern associated with a biological function or binding site. Motifs capture meaningful local patterns within longer sequences.
DNA: A molecule that stores hereditary information in most organisms, usually as a double helix. DNA sequences encode genetic information in nucleotide order.
Translation (biology): The synthesis of a protein from an RNA template by ribosomes. Translation interprets codon order to produce an amino-acid sequence.