Sequoia sempervirens

Sequoia sempervirens, the coast redwood, is an evergreen conifer native to coastal California and southwestern Oregon. It is the tallest living tree species on Earth.

Cupressaceae: A family of conifers that includes cypresses, junipers, and redwoods. Coast redwood belongs to this conifer family, alongside its closest living relatives.
Xylem: The vascular tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals through plants. Water must travel through xylem from the roots to a coast redwood's high canopy.
Hyperion (tree): A coast redwood in Redwood National Park, recognized as the tallest known living tree. Hyperion demonstrates the extreme height attained by this species.
Redwood logging: The commercial harvesting of redwood trees for timber. Logging removed most old-growth coast redwood forest and altered its remaining stands.
Sequoioideae: A subfamily of Cupressaceae containing the redwoods and their closest living relatives. This subfamily places coast redwood among the three living redwood lineages.
Hydraulic limitation hypothesis: The hypothesis that limits on water transport constrain plant height and growth. Increasing hydraulic resistance helps explain why even redwoods cannot grow indefinitely tall.
Redwood National and State Parks: A protected complex of parks in northwestern California containing extensive coast redwood forests. These parks preserve old-growth groves and some of the species' tallest trees.
Old-growth forest: A forest with long ecological continuity and trees of varied ages and structures. Old-growth conditions distinguish the remnants from forests regrown after extensive logging.
Coastal temperate rainforest: A cool, wet forest ecosystem found along temperate coastlines. Its foggy, moist conditions support coast redwood forests along the Pacific coast.
Crown shyness: A growth pattern in which neighboring tree crowns leave visible gaps between their branches. The phenomenon can be observed in redwood canopies, though its causes remain debated.

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