Sermon on the Mount

A collection of Jesus’ teachings in Matthew 5–7, including the Beatitudes, the Lord’s Prayer, and teachings on ethics, prayer, and discipleship.

Beatitudes: Blessings Jesus pronounces on people marked by humility, mercy, peacemaking, and other qualities. They open the discourse by declaring who is blessed in God’s kingdom.
Christian ethics: The study and practice of moral principles grounded in Christian belief and scripture. The sermon is a major source for Christian reflection on moral conduct.
Gospel of Matthew: A canonical Gospel presenting Jesus’ life and teachings, traditionally attributed to Matthew. The sermon is a major discourse within this Gospel’s arrangement of Jesus’ teaching.
Kingdom of God: The central biblical idea of God’s reign and rule, especially in the teaching of Jesus. The sermon describes life and reward in relation to God’s kingdom.
Lord's Prayer: A prayer Jesus teaches his disciples, beginning with an address to the Father and asking for daily provision and forgiveness. It gives the discourse’s central model of prayer.
Nonviolence: The rejection of violence as a means of achieving political or personal ends. Teachings such as turning the other cheek have inspired Christian nonviolent movements.
Sermon on the Plain: A discourse in Luke 6 containing teachings that parallel parts of Matthew’s Sermon on the Mount. Its shorter parallel raises questions about how the evangelists arranged shared traditions.
Two Kingdoms Doctrine: A Christian theological framework distinguishing God’s spiritual rule from temporal political authority. It offers one way to reconcile the sermon’s demands with participation in civic life.
Antitheses of Jesus: Six teachings in Matthew 5 that place traditional commandments beside Jesus’ intensified interpretations. They develop the discourse’s account of righteousness beyond outward compliance.
Just War Theory: A tradition of criteria for judging when war may be morally permissible and how it must be conducted. Its acceptance of some warfare contrasts with strict readings of Jesus’ commands against retaliation.

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