Serranidae

Serranidae is a family of marine ray-finned fishes that includes groupers, sea basses, and anthias. Its members range from small, colorful reef fishes to large predators.

Groupers: Groupers are mostly large, stout-bodied predatory fishes in the subfamily Epinephelinae. They are among the best-known members of Serranidae and include many reef predators.
Ambush predation: Ambush predation is a hunting strategy in which a predator waits concealed before attacking nearby prey. Many groupers use sudden attacks from cover to capture fishes and crustaceans.
Grouper aquaculture: Grouper aquaculture is the farming of groupers for food, especially in coastal Asian countries. Farming supplies valuable serranid species but depends on reliable breeding and juvenile production.
Atlantic goliath grouper: The Atlantic goliath grouper is a very large grouper native to the western Atlantic and Caribbean. Its size and aggregating behavior make it a notable case in grouper conservation.
Lutjanidae: Lutjanidae is a family of marine fishes that includes snappers. Snappers often share reefs and fish markets with groupers but belong to a different family.
Sea basses: Sea basses are fishes in several serranid lineages, including the subfamily Serraninae. Their common name covers a major part of the family beyond groupers.
Protogynous hermaphroditism: Protogynous hermaphroditism is a reproductive pattern in which an individual functions first as female and later as male. This sex-change pattern occurs in many groupers and anthias.
Overfishing: Overfishing occurs when fishing removes organisms faster than populations can replenish them. Slow growth and sex-changing life histories can make some groupers vulnerable to depletion.
Nassau grouper: The Nassau grouper is a Caribbean reef fish known for forming large spawning aggregations. Its predictable spawning gatherings have made it especially vulnerable to fishing.
Centrarchidae: Centrarchidae is a family of mostly freshwater fishes that includes sunfishes and black basses. The word “bass” also names centrarchids, which are not serranids.

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