Sewage

Sewage is wastewater containing human excreta and other domestic or commercial waste, conveyed through sewers for treatment or disposal.

Sanitary sewer: A pipe network that carries domestic and commercial wastewater to treatment or disposal. It conveys sewage separately from stormwater in systems designed for that purpose.
Waterborne disease: Illness caused by pathogens transmitted through contaminated water. Sewage can introduce disease-causing microbes into drinking and recreational waters.
Wastewater: Water whose physical, chemical, or biological quality has been changed by human use. Sewage is a wastewater stream distinguished by its human and domestic wastes.
Sewerage: The infrastructure and services for collecting, conveying, treating, and disposing of wastewater. Sewage is managed through sewerage systems, from household connections to treatment works.
Combined sewer: A sewer system that carries both wastewater and stormwater in the same pipes. Rainfall can overwhelm these shared pipes and send untreated sewage into waterways.
Cholera: An acute diarrheal disease caused by infection with Vibrio cholerae. Sewage contaminated with cholera bacteria can drive outbreaks where sanitation is inadequate.
Human waste: Material excreted or discarded by people, including feces and urine. Human excreta are a defining component of sewage and a major source of pathogens.
Sanitation: Systems and practices that safely manage human excreta and protect public health. Sewage collection and treatment are core parts of urban sanitation.
Sewage treatment: Processes that remove contaminants from wastewater before it is released or reused. It reduces the pathogens, organic matter, and pollutants in collected sewage.
Eutrophication: Excess nutrient enrichment of water that can trigger algal growth and ecological change. Nitrogen and phosphorus in sewage can fuel algal blooms and oxygen depletion.

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