Sexagesimal

Sexagesimal is a positional numeral system with base 60. It originated in Babylonian mathematics and remains in use for measuring time and angles.

Positional notation: A numeral system in which a digit’s value depends on its position. Sexagesimal assigns successive positions powers of 60.
Babylonia: An ancient Mesopotamian kingdom and civilization centered on the city of Babylon. Babylonian scribes developed the best-known early sexagesimal mathematics.
Hour: A unit of time equal to 60 minutes or 3,600 seconds. The hour is divided into 60 minutes in the sexagesimal time system.
Decimal system: A positional numeral system with base 10, using ten digit values and powers of ten for place value. Decimal arithmetic is the everyday alternative to sexagesimal notation.
Hipparchus: A Greek astronomer and mathematician of the second century BCE, known for work on celestial measurements and trigonometry. His astronomical practice helped transmit sexagesimal subdivisions into Greek mathematical astronomy.
Base: The number of distinct digit values in a positional numeral system before place value advances. The base 60 determines each place value and carry.
Sumer: An ancient civilization of southern Mesopotamia, known for its cities and early writing. Earlier Mesopotamian numerical practices contributed to the tradition later used by Babylonians.
Minute: A unit of time equal to 60 seconds or one-sixtieth of an hour. Its duration reflects a surviving base-60 subdivision.
Binary number: A number represented in base 2, using only the digits zero and one. Binary shows how positional notation works with a base unlike 60.
Ptolemy: A second-century CE mathematician and astronomer whose works shaped astronomy for centuries. His astronomical tables used subdivisions that preserved the sexagesimal tradition.

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