Shaanxi

Shaanxi is a province in north-central China, with Xi’an as its capital. Its long history includes several ancient Chinese capitals and the burial complex of Qin Shi Huang.

Xi’an: Xi’an is the capital of Shaanxi and a historic city that served as the capital of several Chinese dynasties. The provincial capital anchors Shaanxi’s political history and contains major sites from its imperial past.
Zhou dynasty: The Zhou dynasty ruled much of China from around 1046 to 256 BCE and established enduring political and philosophical traditions. The Zhou began their rule in the Wei River valley, within present-day Shaanxi.
Loess Plateau: The Loess Plateau is a region of north-central China covered by thick deposits of windblown silt. It defines much of northern Shaanxi’s terrain and has shaped settlement and farming.
Chinese Communist Revolution: The Chinese Communist Revolution was the struggle that brought the Communist Party to power in China in 1949. The party’s wartime base in Yan'an made Shaanxi central to the revolution’s later memory.
Terracotta Army: The Terracotta Army is a collection of life-size clay soldiers buried near the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang. Its discovery near Xi’an made Shaanxi’s ancient imperial heritage internationally renowned.
Qin dynasty: The Qin dynasty unified China in 221 BCE and established the first centralized imperial state. The Qin state arose in Shaanxi before its ruler conquered the other Warring States.
Guanzhong Plain: The Guanzhong Plain is a fertile basin in central Shaanxi, centered on the Wei River valley. Its farmland and defensible position helped make the region a base for ancient capitals.
Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor: The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is an archaeological site near Xi’an that includes the Terracotta Army. Its excavation transformed public understanding of Qin burial practices and ancient craftsmanship.
Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang: The Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang is the burial complex of the first emperor of a unified China. This vast tomb complex links Shaanxi directly to the Qin dynasty and its ruler.
Han dynasty: The Han dynasty ruled China from 202 BCE to 220 CE, shaping its institutions and cultural identity. Chang’an, now Xi’an, was the Han dynasty’s principal capital for much of its rule.

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