Shampoo

Shampoo is a cleansing product formulated to remove sebum, dirt, and residues from hair and scalp. It uses surfactants to lift oily material so water can rinse it away.

Surfactant: A substance that lowers surface or interfacial tension, often helping water mix with oils. Shampoo’s cleansing agents surround oily soil so it can disperse in rinse water.
Sebum: An oily secretion produced by sebaceous glands that lubricates skin and hair. Sebum is the main natural oil shampoo is designed to remove from the scalp and hair.
Clarifying shampoo: A shampoo formulated for stronger removal of buildup from hair and scalp. It is used when ordinary washing leaves persistent styling-product or mineral residues.
Hair conditioner: A hair-care product that reduces friction, improves manageability, and can deposit conditioning agents on hair. Conditioner mainly conditions the fiber, whereas shampoo primarily removes soil and oil.
Micelle: An aggregate of surfactant molecules arranged with water-attracting regions outward and oil-attracting regions inward. Micelles help keep sebum and oily residues suspended during shampooing.
Hair: A keratin-rich filament growing from a follicle in the skin of mammals. Shampoo cleans the hair fiber as well as the skin from which it grows.
Anti-dandruff shampoo: A shampoo containing active ingredients intended to control dandruff symptoms. Its active ingredients supplement cleansing to reduce flakes and scalp irritation.
Hair soap: A cleansing product made from fatty-acid salts and intended for washing hair. Unlike most modern shampoos, soap can react with hard-water minerals to form deposits.
Critical micelle concentration: The surfactant concentration above which micelles begin to form in a solution. It helps explain how surfactant concentration affects shampoo’s ability to solubilize oily material.
Scalp: The skin covering the top of the human head, containing hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Its oil, sweat, and skin flakes are among the materials shampoo removes.

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