Shatt al-Arab

The Shatt al-Arab is a river in southwestern Asia formed by the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates, flowing southeast to the Persian Gulf.

Tigris: A major river of western Asia that flows through Turkey and Iraq before joining the Euphrates. It supplies one of the two rivers that unite to form the Shatt al-Arab.
Tigris–Euphrates river system: The connected river basin formed by the Tigris, Euphrates, and their tributaries in western Asia. The Shatt al-Arab is the system's shared downstream channel.
Basra: A major Iraqi port city on the Shatt al-Arab near its confluence with the Tigris. Basra's location made the river central to the city's trade and access to the sea.
Iran–Iraq War: A war between Iran and Iraq that lasted from 1980 to 1988. The river's strategic position and contested sovereignty figured in the conflict.
Shatt al-Arab boundary dispute: A long-running dispute over sovereignty and navigation rights on the Shatt al-Arab between Iran and Iraq. This dispute concerns the river's boundary line and control of navigation.
Euphrates: A major river of western Asia that flows through Turkey, Syria, and Iraq. Its confluence with the Tigris creates the Shatt al-Arab.
Mesopotamia: A historical region centered on the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys. The river drains the southern end of the landscape known as Mesopotamia.
Abadan: An Iranian city and major oil-refining center on an island in the Shatt al-Arab. Its position opposite Iraqi settlements made it a strategic focal point.
Algiers Agreement: A 1975 agreement between Iran and Iraq that settled several disputes, including their river boundary. It established a thalweg boundary along part of the Shatt al-Arab.
Thalweg: A boundary principle that places a river border along the channel's deepest navigable line. The Algiers Agreement used this principle to define much of the river boundary.

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