Shebaa Farms

A small territory on the slopes of Mount Hermon, claimed by Lebanon and Syria and controlled by Israel since 1967. Its disputed status has shaped Lebanese-Israeli relations and debates over United Nations resolutions.

French Mandate for Syria and Lebanon: A League of Nations mandate governing Syria and Lebanon from 1923 until their independence. Mandate-era boundaries left the farms' precise affiliation unclear.
Lebanon: A country on the eastern Mediterranean whose government claims Shebaa Farms as Lebanese territory. Lebanon argues the area belongs to it, rather than to Syria.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 425: A 1978 Security Council resolution calling for Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon and establishing UNIFIL. The resolution underpinned the UN's 2000 assessment that Israel had withdrawn from Lebanon.
Lebanese-Syrian border: The international boundary separating Lebanon and Syria, whose demarcation around Shebaa Farms remains disputed. A jointly delineated boundary could clarify whether the farms are Lebanese or Syrian.
1949 Armistice Agreements: Agreements that established armistice lines between Israel and neighboring Arab states after the 1948 war. Their lines did not settle the Syria-Lebanon boundary around the farms.
Syria: A country in the Middle East whose government has supported Lebanon's claim to Shebaa Farms. Syria's position supports Lebanon's claim, though a formal boundary settlement remains absent.
United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon: A United Nations peacekeeping force established in 1978 to monitor southern Lebanon and support Israeli withdrawal. UNIFIL's mandate and deployment are affected by the distinction between Lebanon and the Golan Heights.
United Nations withdrawal certification: The United Nations' 2000 determination that Israel had withdrawn from Lebanon in accordance with Resolution 425. The certification treated the farms as Syrian territory, contrary to Lebanon's claim.
Six-Day War: The June 1967 war in which Israel captured territory from Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. Israel took control of the area from Syria during this war.
Israel: A country in the Middle East that has controlled Shebaa Farms since capturing the area in 1967. Israel treats the farms as part of the Golan Heights, not occupied Lebanese territory.

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