Shifting cultivation

Shifting cultivation is a farming system in which vegetation is cleared from a plot, crops are grown temporarily, and the land is left fallow as cultivation moves elsewhere.

Slash-and-burn agriculture: A farming method that clears vegetation by cutting and burning it before planting crops. Burning is a common way to clear plots and release nutrients in shifting cultivation.
Fallow length: The duration for which a cultivated plot remains out of production. Its length helps determine whether vegetation and soil can recover between cultivation periods.
Taungya system: A forestry practice in which farmers grow crops among young trees during plantation establishment. It adapts temporary cultivation to tree planting and managed forest regeneration.
Deforestation: The long-term removal or loss of forest cover. Shifting cultivation can be confused with permanent forest conversion, though fallow may allow regrowth.
Fallow: Farmland left uncultivated for a period to recover or for other purposes. A plot's fallow period restores vegetation and soil resources before possible reuse.
Land rotation: The sequential use of different plots for cultivation over time. Shifting cultivation rotates production among plots rather than keeping one field continuously cropped.
Jhum cultivation: A form of shifting cultivation practiced in parts of Northeast India. Jhum is a regionally named system with distinctive local practices and institutions.
Agricultural intensification: Increasing agricultural output per unit of land, labor, or other resources. Shorter fallows and continuous production can replace shifting cultivation as land pressure rises.
Swidden: A plot cleared for cultivation, often by cutting and burning vegetation. The temporarily cultivated plot is the basic working unit in many shifting systems.
Subsistence agriculture: Farming primarily intended to provide food and other necessities for the farm household. Shifting cultivation often forms part of subsistence-oriented livelihoods.

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