Siege of Orléans

The English siege of the French city of Orléans from 1428 to 1429, broken by a French relief campaign led by Joan of Arc and other commanders.

Siege warfare: Military operations that surround a fortified place to compel its surrender or capture it by force. The English relied on encirclement and fortified positions to pressure Orléans.
Joan of Arc: A French military and religious figure who helped lead the relief of Orléans in 1429. Her arrival strengthened French morale and helped galvanize the assault on English positions.
Hundred Years' War: A series of conflicts between the kingdoms of England and France from 1337 to 1453 over dynastic claims and territory. The siege was a major episode in the war's struggle for control of France.
Siege of Paris (1429): An unsuccessful French attack on English-held Paris in September 1429. The French advance after Orléans carried the campaign toward the English-held capital.
Les Tourelles: A fortified bridgehead on the southern bank of the Loire at Orléans, held by the English during the siege. The French capture of this strongpoint opened the way to lifting the siege.
Siege of Orléans (1428–1429): The military operations around Orléans during the English siege and French relief campaign. This detailed account follows the siege's changing positions and battles.
Jean de Dunois: A French commander and nobleman who directed military operations during the siege and relief of Orléans. He was the experienced commander coordinating the defense and French counterattacks.
Treaty of Troyes: A 1420 agreement that recognized Henry V of England as heir to the French crown and disinherited the Dauphin Charles. The treaty sharpened the succession conflict that shaped the campaign for Orléans.
Coronation of Charles VII: The July 1429 coronation of Charles VII at Reims as king of France. The relief enabled a campaign that escorted Charles to his coronation at Reims.
Bastille Saint-Loup: An English fortification east of Orléans captured by French forces in May 1429. Its fall was an early success in the French offensive around the city.

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