Siege of Sevastopol

The 1854–1855 siege of Russia’s principal Black Sea naval base during the Crimean War, fought by Russian forces against an allied British, French, Ottoman, and Sardinian army.

Siege warfare: Military operations that surround a fortified place to compel its surrender or capture it. The campaign’s defining method was a prolonged effort to isolate and reduce Sevastopol.
Crimean War: A war fought from 1853 to 1856 between Russia and an alliance including the Ottoman Empire, Britain, France, and Sardinia. The siege was the war’s central campaign on the Crimean Peninsula.
Menshikov: A Russian prince and military commander who led Russian forces in the Crimean War. He commanded the Russian army during the opening campaign and the defeat at the Alma.
Fall of Sevastopol: The allied capture of Sevastopol’s southern defenses on 8 September 1855, followed by Russian withdrawal across the harbor. The city’s loss ended the siege and prompted Russia to abandon its principal naval base there.
Siege of Taganrog: A series of allied naval attacks on the Russian port of Taganrog in 1855 during the Crimean War. Unlike Sevastopol, Taganrog was attacked from the sea without a prolonged land siege.
Malakoff Redoubt: A major Russian fortification on Sevastopol’s southern defensive perimeter. Its capture by French troops on 8 September 1855 made continued defense untenable.
Battle of the Alma: An 1854 battle in which allied forces defeated a Russian army north of Sevastopol. The allied victory opened the route toward Sevastopol, though the army did not immediately assault it.
Pavel Nakhimov: A Russian admiral who helped direct Sevastopol’s naval defense during the Crimean War. He organized the defense and died from wounds sustained during the siege in 1855.
Treaty of Paris (1856): The treaty that ended the Crimean War and neutralized the Black Sea under international agreement. The settlement reflected Russia’s defeat and curtailed its naval position in the Black Sea.
Siege of Kars: The 1855 Russian siege and capture of the Ottoman fortress city of Kars in eastern Anatolia. It was a major siege on the war’s eastern front, far from Sevastopol’s Black Sea campaign.

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