Sinai and Palestine campaign

A First World War campaign in which British Empire forces fought Ottoman forces across the Sinai Peninsula, Palestine, and Syria from 1915 to 1918.

Battle of Romani: A 1916 battle in which British Empire forces defeated an Ottoman attack near the Suez Canal. The victory ended the Ottoman threat to the canal and began the British advance across Sinai.
Suez Canal: An artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt linking the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Its defense was the campaign’s initial strategic priority for Britain.
Edmund Allenby: A British general who commanded the Egyptian Expeditionary Force from 1917 to 1919. He reorganized the force before its victories in Palestine and Syria.
Ottoman entry into World War I: The Ottoman Empire’s alignment with the Central Powers and entry into the First World War in 1914. It made Ottoman-held Palestine and the Suez Canal approaches part of the conflict.
Capture of Damascus: The Allied capture of Damascus in October 1918 during the final advance through Syria. It followed the collapse of Ottoman defenses at Megiddo and marked a major campaign success.
Battle of Magdhaba: A 1916 battle in which mounted British Empire troops captured an Ottoman outpost in the Sinai Peninsula. Its capture opened the route toward the Ottoman position at Rafah.
Sinai Peninsula: A triangular peninsula in Egypt between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Its desert terrain made water supply and railway construction central to the advance.
Archibald Murray: A British general who commanded the Egyptian Expeditionary Force from 1916 until 1917. He led the advance across Sinai and the unsuccessful first two attacks on Gaza.
Gallipoli campaign: A 1915–1916 Allied campaign to seize the Dardanelles and force the Ottoman Empire out of the war. After its evacuation, Allied forces and resources could be redirected to Egypt.
Armistice of Mudros: The October 1918 armistice that ended hostilities between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies. The Ottoman government agreed to the armistice shortly after its forces were defeated in Palestine and Syria.

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