Six-Day War

A June 1967 war in which Israel fought Egypt, Jordan, and Syria, capturing the Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip, West Bank, East Jerusalem, and Golan Heights.

Straits of Tiran: A narrow sea passage connecting the Gulf of Aqaba with the Red Sea. Egypt’s closure of the straits to Israeli shipping helped precipitate the crisis.
Operation Focus: Israel’s opening air offensive on 5 June 1967, which destroyed much of the Egyptian air force on the ground. It established Israeli air superiority at the war’s outset.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 242: A 1967 Security Council resolution addressing Israeli withdrawal from territories and the establishment of a just and lasting peace. It became a central diplomatic framework for addressing the war’s territorial aftermath.
1948 Arab–Israeli War: The war fought in 1948–1949 between Israel and several Arab states following Israel’s establishment. It was the earlier regional war whose armistice lines framed several 1967 fronts.
United Nations Emergency Force: A United Nations peacekeeping force established in 1956 and deployed along the Egyptian-Israeli border. Egypt’s request for its withdrawal removed a buffer before the war.
Egyptian Air Force: The air arm of Egypt’s military, responsible for operating its military aircraft. Its losses in the opening strikes left Egyptian forces exposed.
Israeli occupation of the West Bank: Israel’s military control of the West Bank, established during the 1967 war and continuing in varied forms. The war placed the territory under Israeli control, beginning a lasting occupation.
Yom Kippur War: The 1973 war in which Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attack on Israel. Unlike Israel’s 1967 opening offensive, this war began with Arab forces regaining the initiative.
Czech arms deal: A 1955 agreement through which Czechoslovakia supplied major arms to Egypt. The deal intensified Israeli concerns about Egypt’s growing military strength.
Jordanian front (1967): The theater of fighting between Israel and Jordan during the Six-Day War. Jordan entered the fighting, and Israel captured the West Bank and East Jerusalem.

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