Slovak National Revival

The Slovak National Revival was a nineteenth-century movement that developed Slovak literary language and promoted Slovak national consciousness.

Ľudovít Štúr: A Slovak writer, linguist, and politician who codified a Slovak literary language in the 1840s. His codification became the movement’s most consequential language reform.
Slovak language: A West Slavic language spoken chiefly in Slovakia and written in a standardized literary form. The movement’s central project was establishing a literary standard for Slovak.
Kingdom of Hungary: A historical polity within the Habsburg Monarchy and later the Austro-Hungarian Empire, including the territory of present-day Slovakia. Slovak revivalists pursued their aims within a kingdom dominated politically by Hungarian institutions.
Slovak literature: Literary works written in Slovak, spanning oral traditions and modern genres. The revival established conditions for a sustained literature in standardized Slovak.
Anton Bernolák: A Catholic priest and linguist who published an early codification of Slovak literary language in 1787. His earlier standard inspired later revivalists, though Štúr’s version prevailed.
Slovak language standardization: The historical process of selecting and establishing norms for written Slovak. Štúr’s standard and its later revisions emerged from this process.
Slovak language standardization by Anton Bernolák: The late-eighteenth-century effort to codify a Slovak literary language based chiefly on western Slovak dialects. Bernolák’s pioneering standard preceded and informed nineteenth-century debates.
Slovak Romanticism: A nineteenth-century literary movement that expressed Slovak national themes through Romantic forms and folk materials. Revivalist language and identity projects found a major artistic expression in Romantic writing.
Jozef Miloslav Hurban: A Slovak writer, Lutheran pastor, and political leader active in the national movement. He joined language reform to journalism, organization, and political action.
Slovak National Council: A political body formed in 1848 to represent Slovak national demands during the revolutions in the Habsburg Empire. It translated revivalist demands into an organized political program.

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