Smolensk War

The Smolensk War was fought between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Tsardom of Russia from 1632 to 1634, chiefly over control of Smolensk.

Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633): A prolonged Russian siege of Smolensk during the Smolensk War, ended when Polish forces relieved the city. The siege was the war’s central military operation and failed to capture Smolensk.
Polish–Russian War (1609–1618): A war between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia that ended with Polish-Lithuanian gains, including Smolensk. The earlier settlement left Russia seeking to regain Smolensk.
Mikhail Shein: A Russian military commander who led the army besieging Smolensk in 1632–1633. His surrender after the Polish relief ended Russia’s principal campaign.
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth: A federated state formed by Poland and Lithuania in 1569 and lasting until 1795. The Commonwealth retained Smolensk and defended its eastern frontier.
Siege of Smolensk (1613–1617): A Russian siege of Smolensk during the Polish–Russian War of 1609–1618, which ended without taking the city. Its earlier failure helps distinguish the renewed Russian attempt in 1632.
Truce of Deulino: The 1618 armistice that ended the Polish–Russian War of 1609–1618 and transferred territory to the Commonwealth for fourteen years. Its approaching expiration shaped Russia’s decision to renew the struggle.
Jeremi Wiśniowiecki: A Polish-Lithuanian magnate and military commander who fought in the Smolensk War. His forces took part in the relief operations around Smolensk.
Tsardom of Russia: The Russian state ruled by tsars from the late fifteenth century until the proclamation of the Russian Empire in 1721. The failed campaign exposed limits on Russia’s ability to recover western territories.
Battle of Smolensk (1633): A 1633 battle in which Polish forces defeated Russian troops near Smolensk during the city’s siege. The Polish relief campaign turned the siege against the Russian army.
Time of Troubles: A period of political crisis and dynastic conflict in Russia from 1598 to 1613. The crisis weakened Russia before the territorial losses that fueled the later war.

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