Social behavior

Social behavior comprises interactions among members of the same species, including communication, cooperation, competition, and group living.

Kin selection: Natural selection favoring traits that increase the reproductive success of genetic relatives. Shared genes can make costly helping behavior advantageous.
Ethology: The scientific study of animal behavior, especially in natural settings. Social behavior is a central subject within the broader study of animal behavior.
Cooperation: Behavior in which individuals work together toward outcomes that can benefit them or others. It is a major form of social interaction across many species.
Solitary behavior: A pattern of life in which individuals generally forage, rest, or reproduce alone. It contrasts with persistent interaction and group living.
Reciprocal altruism: Cooperation between individuals that can yield mutual benefits through exchanges across time. Repeated interactions can sustain help between nonrelatives.
Natural selection: A process in which heritable traits become more or less common through differences in reproductive success. It shapes behavioral tendencies when those tendencies affect survival or reproduction.
Altruism: Behavior that benefits another individual while imposing a cost on the actor. Its apparent costs raise questions about how social traits evolve.
Sociality: The degree and organization of interactions among individuals in a population or species. It describes variation in how extensively social behavior is expressed.
Signaling theory: The study of how signals convey information and influence behavior despite potential conflicts of interest. Signals coordinate interactions while receivers assess their reliability.
Inclusive fitness: An individual's genetic success through both its own reproduction and effects on relatives' reproduction. It accounts for how behavior toward relatives can affect evolutionary success.

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