Social democracy

Social democracy is a political tradition that pursues social equality and welfare through democratic institutions, civil liberties, and typically a regulated market economy.

Democracy: A system of government in which political authority is exercised directly or through elected representatives. Social democracy treats democratic institutions as the legitimate means for pursuing social reform.
Socialism: A family of political and economic ideas seeking greater social or collective control over resources and production. Social democracy emerged within the broader socialist tradition while favoring democratic political action.
Communism: A political and economic ideal of a classless society based on common ownership of productive resources. Social democrats reject one-party rule and revolutionary seizure as necessary routes to equality.
Progressive taxation: A tax system in which higher incomes or wealth face higher tax rates. It raises public revenue while redistributing resources toward social programs.
Nordic model: A family of Nordic political economies combining extensive welfare states, coordinated labor relations, and market economies. It is a prominent regional expression of social-democratic institutions and policies.
Social equality: The condition in which people have comparable status, rights, opportunities, and access to resources. Reducing inequalities of wealth and life chances is a central social-democratic aim.
Revisionism: A socialist strategy that revises revolutionary Marxism in favor of gradual reform through democratic institutions. Revisionist arguments helped establish parliamentary reform as a socialist route to change.
Democratic socialism: A socialist tradition that seeks a democratic political system and a substantially socialized economy. It often seeks deeper changes in ownership than social democracy's regulated-market approach.
Universal healthcare: A system ensuring that everyone can access needed healthcare without financial hardship. Broad access to healthcare exemplifies social provision as a citizenship guarantee.
Social citizenship: The idea that citizenship includes rights to social security and a basic standard of well-being. Social-democratic welfare systems helped make social protections part of citizenship claims.

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