Social learning

Social learning is learning that occurs through observing or interacting with other individuals. It can transmit behaviors, knowledge, and skills without requiring each learner to discover them independently.

Observational learning: Learning by watching another individual’s behavior and its consequences. It isolates learning through observation, a central route within social learning.
Learning: A relatively lasting change in knowledge or behavior resulting from experience. Social learning is one route within the broader process of learning.
Social learning theory: A psychological account of learning through observing others, including modeled behavior and its consequences. It applies social learning to explain how people acquire behaviors and expectations.
Individual learning: Learning through an individual’s own experience, without acquiring the relevant information from another individual. It contrasts socially acquired information with discovery through direct experience.
Imitation: Reproducing another individual’s actions after observing them. It is one way observed behavior can pass from one individual to another.
Social cognition: The mental processes involved in perceiving, interpreting, and responding to other people. Inferring others’ actions and intentions can shape what is learned from them.
Observational learning in education: The acquisition of skills or knowledge in educational settings by watching demonstrations and examples. Classroom demonstrations make observation an explicit route to learning.
Trial and error: A problem-solving process that tests actions and uses their outcomes to guide later attempts. It can produce similar behavior without observation or information from others.
Emulation: Learning to achieve an observed outcome by reproducing the result rather than the exact actions. It distinguishes copying a goal from copying the demonstrated movements.
Reinforcement learning: Learning to select actions through rewards and penalties. Social cues can supply information about rewards even before direct experience.

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