Social ownership

Social ownership is collective ownership of productive assets by the public, a community, workers, or another organized group, rather than by private individuals or corporations.

Worker cooperative: A business owned and governed by the people who work in it. Worker-members hold the enterprise collectively and typically participate in workplace decisions.
Means of production: The resources and tools used to produce goods and services. Social ownership usually concerns these productive assets rather than personal possessions.
Utopian socialism: Early socialist thought that proposed cooperative communities as alternatives to capitalist society. Its planned communities made collective ownership a practical as well as theoretical proposal.
Private property: Property held by individuals or private organizations with rights to exclude others and transfer ownership. It is the principal ownership form social ownership seeks to replace or limit for productive assets.
Mondragon Corporation: A federation of worker cooperatives based in the Basque Country of Spain. Its linked cooperatives demonstrate large-scale worker ownership within a competitive economy.
Public ownership: Ownership of assets by a government or public authority on behalf of a population. It places productive assets under public institutions rather than private owners.
Property rights: Legally or socially recognized rights to use, control, transfer, or benefit from property. Collective ownership redistributes or combines these rights among multiple people.
Robert Owen: A Welsh industrialist and social reformer who promoted cooperative communities and improved factory conditions. His experiments at New Lanark and New Harmony shaped early cooperative visions.
State capitalism: An economic system in which the state owns or directs enterprises while production follows capitalist accumulation. State ownership alone does not ensure that control or benefits are socially shared.
Land reform: Policies that redistribute or restructure ownership and use of agricultural land. Collective landholding has been a recurring application of social ownership.

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