Social rejection

Social rejection is the experience of being excluded, refused, or treated as unwelcome by other people or a group. It can occur in brief interactions or persist as ongoing exclusion.

Need to belong: The motivation to form and maintain lasting, positive relationships with other people. Rejection threatens the basic desire for stable connection and group membership.
Bullying: Repeated aggressive behavior involving a power imbalance and harm to another person. Repeated peer rejection can be one way bullying is enacted.
Social acceptance: Recognition and welcome by other people or a social group. Acceptance is the relational opposite of being treated as unwelcome.
Self-esteem: A person’s evaluation of their own worth or value. Rejection can challenge self-worth, though its effects differ across people and situations.
Social pain: The distress associated with social separation, exclusion, or loss of relationships. It names the painful response commonly elicited by rejection.
Workplace incivility: Low-intensity workplace behavior that violates norms of mutual respect, often ambiguously intentional. Being ignored or excluded at work can signal rejection without explicit refusal.
Loneliness: Distress arising from a perceived gap between desired and actual social connection. Loneliness can occur without rejection, while rejection can occur without loneliness.
Depression: A mental health condition marked by persistent low mood or loss of interest, among other symptoms. Persistent rejection is associated with depressive symptoms, but does not determine a diagnosis.
Cyberball experiment: A computerized ball-tossing task used to study the psychological effects of social exclusion. Its controlled exclusion episodes let researchers examine immediate reactions to rejection.
Peer rejection: The dislike or exclusion of a person by peers, especially among children and adolescents. It is a studied form of rejection with consequences for social and emotional development.

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