Social War

The war fought from 91 to 87 BCE in which Rome’s Italian allies rebelled to win Roman citizenship. It ended with citizenship extended to most Italians.

Roman citizenship: A legal status in ancient Rome that granted rights and obligations within the Roman state. The allies’ central demand was access to the rights and protections of Roman citizenship.
Lex Julia: A Roman law of 90 BCE that granted citizenship to Italian communities that had remained loyal or laid down arms. It weakened the rebellion by offering citizenship without requiring military defeat.
Romanization: The spread of Roman language, institutions, laws, and cultural practices among peoples incorporated into Roman power. Citizenship helped bind Italian communities more closely to Roman institutions after the war.
Latins: The peoples of Latium, some of whom fought Rome in the Latin War of 340–338 BCE. Their earlier defeat ended in selective citizenship grants, unlike the broad concessions forced by the Social War.
Marcus Livius Drusus: A Roman tribune in 91 BCE whose reform proposals included extending citizenship to Rome’s Italian allies. His failed citizenship proposal and assassination helped precipitate the uprising.
Lex Plautia Papiria: A Roman law of 89 BCE that granted citizenship to Italians who registered with a Roman magistrate within a set period. It widened the legal path by which rebels could leave the war and claim citizenship.
Roman tribes: The territorial voting groups into which Roman citizens were enrolled for elections and legislation. The placement of new Italian citizens in tribes became a contested political issue.
Latin War: A war from 340 to 338 BCE in which Rome fought the Latin League and its allies. It was an earlier Italian revolt against Roman dominance, settled long before the Social War’s mass citizenship demand.
Italian allies: The communities of the Italian peninsula allied with Rome but initially excluded from Roman citizenship. Their grievances and revolt gave the war its defining political cause.
Corfinium: A city in central Italy that served as a political and military center of the Italian revolt. The rebels renamed it Italia and made it a rival capital.

Linked from 18 pages