Sola scriptura

Sola scriptura is the Protestant principle that Scripture alone is the infallible authority for Christian doctrine. It does not necessarily deny the value of church tradition, creeds, or teachers.

Prima scriptura: Prima scriptura treats Scripture as Christianity’s primary authority while allowing other sources to guide belief and practice. It contrasts Scripture’s sole infallible authority with Scripture’s primacy among several authorities.
Martin Luther: Martin Luther was a German theologian whose challenge to church authority helped launch the Protestant Reformation. His disputes over Scripture, church teaching, and papal authority helped shape the principle.
Biblical canon: The biblical canon is the collection of writings recognized as Scripture by a religious community. Claims about Scripture’s authority depend on which books belong to the canon.
Catholic Church: The Catholic Church is the worldwide Christian communion led by the bishop of Rome, the pope. Its account of revelation and teaching authority provides the principal institutional contrast to sola scriptura.
Confessionalism: Confessionalism is the practice of defining a Christian community by adherence to an established confession of faith. Confessions organize doctrine while remaining subordinate to Scripture in many Protestant traditions.
Sacred tradition: Sacred tradition is the transmission of Christian teaching and practice beyond the written biblical text. The principle disputes whether tradition shares Scripture’s authority or remains subordinate to it.
Diet of Worms: The Diet of Worms was the 1521 imperial assembly where Martin Luther defended his writings before Charles V. Luther’s defense invoked conscience bound by Scripture amid demands to recant.
Hermeneutics: Hermeneutics is the theory and practice of interpreting texts. Sola scriptura does not eliminate interpretation; it raises questions about how Scripture should be read.
Eastern Orthodox Church: The Eastern Orthodox Church is a communion of self-governing churches sharing the Byzantine Christian tradition. Orthodox theology places Scripture within the Church’s Holy Tradition rather than isolating it as sole authority.
Biblical theology: Biblical theology studies theological themes in relation to the historical and literary development of biblical writings. It models doctrine-building through Scripture’s texts and unfolding themes.

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